The Present Perfect Tense
Pattern : S + have/has + Vs + Ket
NOTE
Have = I, you, we, they
Has = He, she, it
For Example:
(+) I have slept for 3 hours
(-) I haven't slept for 3 hours
(?) Have you slept for 3 hours? Yes, I have/No, I haven't
Simple Present Tense
We use it to talk about:
1. Habitual action, example:
• I go to school everyday (Aku pergi sekolah setiap hari)
• I play tennis on Sundays (Aku bermain tenis setiap hari Minggu)
• He always reads novel (Dia laki-laki selalu membaca novel)
2. General truth, example:
• The earth is round (Bumi itu bulat)
• A grade has twelve months (Satu tahun ada dua belas bulan)
• A week has seven days (Satu minggu ada tujuh hari)
Study this pattern (Pola):
a. Positive sentence (+)
S + V1 + s/es + O + adv
S + to be + O
b. Negative sentence (-)
S + aux + not + V1 + O + adv of time
S + to be + not + O
c. Interrogative sentence (?)
Aux + S + V1 + O + adv of time?
Answer:
Yes, S + Aux
No, S + Aux + not
To be + S + O
Answer:
Yes, S + to be
No, S + to be + not
NOTE:
• Subject (S) I, you, we, they, she, he, it, and (people name)
• Verb 1 (V1) Read, write, walk, watch, eat, drink, etc
• Object (O) Novel, book, TV, milk, etc
• To be : am, are
• Aux/Auxiliary (Kata kerja bantu): do and does
• Adverb of time (Kata keterangan waktu): always, everyday, often, sometimes, etc
It may be placed after Subject (S):
Subject: To be Auxiliary
I am do
She, he, it is does
You, they, we are do
Study these examples:
1. Rina pergi ke sekolah setiap hari
(+) Rina (S) goes (V1 + es) to school (O) everyday (Adv of time)
Rina tidak pergi ke sekolah setiap hari
(-) Rina (S) does not (Aux + not) go (V1) to school (O) everyday? (Adv of time)
Apakah Rina pergi ke sekolah setiap hari?
(?) Does (Aux) Rina (S) go (V1) to school (O) everyday? (Adv of time)
2. Mereka adalah pelajar
(+) They (S) are (to be) students (O)
Mereka bukan pelajar
(-) They (S) are not (to be + not) students (O)
Apakah mereka pelajar?
(?) Are (to be) they (S) students? (O)
Atau lebih singkatnya:
Bentuk kebiasaan (Daily activity)
(+) S + V1 + Ket
(-) S + Don't/doesn't + V1 + Ket
(?) Do/deos + S + V1 + Ket
For Example:
(+) Kemal goes to school everyday
(-) Kemal doesn't go to school everyday
(?) Does Kemal go to school everyday? Yes, He does/No, He doesn't
NOTE
Ket. Waktu :
• Today
• Everyday
• Every week
• Every month
• Every year