Conditional Sentence

Elsanira       Comment   

 Conditional Sentence

If + S + V1 (s/es) + object + adv, s + will + V1 + object/adv

Or

S + Will + V1 + object/adv, if + S + V1 (s/es) + object/adv

Digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat bersyarat.

For Example:

• If you study hard, you will pass, the examination. 

Or

You will pass the examination if you study hard

• If her father gives her some money, she will buy a new bag.

Or

She will buy a new bag if her father gives her some money

Kalimat bersyarat

Jika + S + V1 (s/es) + objek + adv, s + will + V1 + objek/adv

atau

S + Will + V1 + objek/adv, jika + S + V1 (s/es) + objek/adv

Digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalima bersyarat.

Misalnya:

• Jika kamu rajin belajar, kamu akan lulus ujian.

atau

Anda akan lulus ujian jika Anda belajar keras

• Jika ayahnya memberinya uang, dia akan membeli tas baru.

atau

Dia akan membeli tas baru jika ayahnya memberinya uang

Wonder/Admire Expression

Elsanira       Comment   

 Wonder/Admire Expression

Digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa kagum dengan menggunakan pola kalimat.

"What + a/an + adjective + noun + pronoun + to be (are, am, is)

For Example:

• What a kind friend she is!

• What an expensive map it is!

• What a diligent student she is!

• What a big surprise!

"How + adjective + the + noun + to be (are, am, is)

• How fodish I am!

• How expensive the map is!

• How diligent the girl is!

• How surprising it is!

Ekspresi heran/kagum

Digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa kagum dengan menggunakan pola kalimat.

"What + a/an + adjective + noun + pronoun + to be (are, am, is)

Misalnya:

• Dia adalah teman yang baik!

• Betapa mahalnya peta itu!

• Betapa rajinnya dia!

• Kejutan yang luar biasa!

"How + adjective + the + noun + to be (are, am, is)

• Betapa bodohnya aku!

• Betapa mahalnya peta itu!

• Betapa rajinnya gadis itu!

• Betapa mengejutkannya!

Expressions to Start, Extend, and End a Conversation on Phone

Expressions to Start, Extend, and End a Conversation on Phone

Elsanira       Comment   

 Expressions to Start a Conversation on Phone

• Hello, this is ...

• Hello, ... speaking

• Can I speak to ...

• May I speak to ...

Expressions to Extend a Conversation on Phone

• Hold on, please

• By the way, ...

Expressions to End a Conversation on Phone

• See you then, bye

• I'll call you later

• All right. See you again Sir/Ma'am. Thank you very much.

Ekspresi untuk Memulai Percakapan di Telepon

• Halo ini ...

• Halo, ... berbicara

• Dapatkah saya berbicara dengan ...

• Bolehkah saya berbicara dengan ...

Ekspresi untuk Memperpanjang Percakapan di Telepon

• Tolong tunggu sebentar

• Ngomong-ngomong, ...

Ekspresi untuk Mengakhiri Percakapan di Telepon

• Sampai jumpa, sampai jumpa

• Saya akan menelepon Anda nanti

• Baiklah. Sampai jumpa lagi Pak/Bu. Terima kasih banyak.

Narrative Text

Elsanira       Comment   

 Narrative Text

Adalah sebuah teks yang menceritakan tentang cerita imajinasi atau khayalan untuk menyenangkan orang.

To tell about imaginative story, legend, fabel, myth.

Purpose to entertain/to amuse listeners or readers with a true experience or an imaginary one.

Tujuan untuk menyenangkan si pembaca. Cerita khayalan atau Imajinasi seperti dongeng, fabel, dll.

Generic Structure

1. Orientation

Yaitu pembukaan paragraf yang isinya tentang perkenalan cerita

2. Complication 

Yaitu menceritakan masalah

3. Resolution

Yaitu solusi atau penyelesaian masalah

4. Kalimat yang digunakan Simple Past Tense 

The characteristic of the text is marked by conflict and resolution. 

Text Structure Is Indicated By 

• Who, where, action verbs

• Linking words, specific character 

• End of the story's conflict

• Coda : Changes that occurred and the more I of the story

Teks narasi

Adalah sebuah teks yang menceritakan tentang cerita imajina atau khayalan untuk menyenangkan orang.

Menceritakan tentang cerita imajinatif, legenda, fabel, mitos.

Tujuan untuk menghibur/menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau imajiner.

Tujuan untuk menyenangkan pembaca. Cerita khayalan atau Imajinasi seperti dongeng, fabel, dll.

Struktur Umum

1. Orientasi

Yaitu pembukaan paragraf yang isinya tentang perkenalan cerita

2. Komplikasi

Yaitu menceritakan masah

3. Resolusi

Solusi atau penyelesaian masah

4. Kalimat yang digunakan Simple Past Tense

Karakteristik teks ditandai dengan konflik dan resolusi.

Struktur Teks Ditunjukkan Oleh

• Siapa, di mana, kata kerja tindakan

• Kata penghubung, karakter tertentu

• Akhir dari konflik cerita

• Coda : Perubahan yang terjadi dan semakin I cerita

Simple Sentence

Elsanira       Comment   

 Simple Sentence 

Sentence is a set of word consist of at bast one subject and one predicate/verb and has a complete meaning. 

Kalimat sederhana adalah kumpulan kata yang minimal dari subjek dan predikat yang mempunyai arti lengkap. 

Rumus dari Simple Sentence adalah sebagai berikut. 

(+) S + To be + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Verb)

(-) S + To be + Not + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Verb)

(?) To be + S + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Verb)

Subject adalah topik yang sedang dibicarakan bisa berbentuk Orang, Tempat, Benda.

To be adalah kata kerja bantu artinya to be itu Seorang, Sebuah, Sedang, dan Adalah.

Complement adalah sebagai pelengkap kalimat yang terdiri dari: 

• Noun/Kata benda adalah kata yang biasanya digunakan untuk menamai seseorang, tempat, atau benda.

Example: The girl, the cinema, the sun.

• Adjective adalah kata sifat yang menerangkan keadaan kata benda.

Example: The girl is happy. 

• Verb adalah kata kerja artinya sewaktu aktivitas/kegiatan.

Example: Gown, brush, go, food, etc. 

NOTE

Pengganti To be Are, Am, Is adalah Do (I, you, we, they) dan Does (She, he, it)

Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense

Elsanira       Comment   

 Simple Past Tense (Bentuk lampau/Daily activity)

We use it to talk about action or situation in the past. The even can be long or short.

Study this pattern (Pola):

a. Positive sentence (+)

S + V2 + O + adv

S + to be (was and were) + O

b. Negative sentence (-)

S + did + not + V1 + O + adv of time

S + to be (was and were) + not + O

c. Interrogative sentence (?)

Did + S + V1 + O + adv of time?

Answer:

Yes, S + did

No, S + did + not

To be (was and were) + S+ O

Answer:

Yes, S + to be (was and were)

No, S + to be (was and were) + not

NOTE:

• Subject (S) I, you, we, they, she, he, it, and (people name)

• Verb 2 (V2) Read, wrote, listened, walked, went, cooked, studied, etc

• Object (O) Novel, book, TV, milk, etc

• To be: was and were

• Aux/auxiliary (Kata kerja bantu): did

• Adverb of time (Kata keterangan waktu): Yesterday, last night, 2 days ago, this morning, etc

Subject             To be    Auxiliary

I                          was       did

She, he, it          was       did

You, they, we    were     did

Study The Example Below: 

1. She went to the hospital yesterday (Dia pergi ke rumah sakit kemarin)

2. I came late this morning (Saya datang terlambat pagi ini)

3. She was sick (Dia sakit)

4. Danny and Marry were at school two hours ago (Danny dan Marry berada di sekolahan 2 jam yang lalu)

Atau lebih singkatnya: 

Observe to these sentences.

• Rhinoceros is _a big_ animal.

• Rhinoceros is a _bigger_ than dog.

• The elephant is _the biggest_ of all. 

1. Function/Fungsi 

Untuk mengungkapkan kejadian atau aktivitas yang telah dikerjakan di waktu lampau. 

2. Form/Bentuk

(+) : S + V2 + Adv/ket

(-) : S + did not + V1 + Ket

(?) : Did + S + V1 + Ket

For Example:

(+) Kemal went to grandmother's house yesterday

(-) Kemal didn't go to grandmother's house yesterday

(?) Did Kemal go to grandmother's house yesterday? Yes, He did/No, He didn't

3. Circumstances Of Time

• Two days ago

• Last week

• This morning

• In 1999

• Yesterday

• Etc. 

4. To Be

• I was 

• He was

• It was

• The boy was

• You were

• They were

• We were 

• The boys were

5. Verbs

a. Kata kerja beraturan (Regular verbs) bentuk lampaunya (Verb 2) dibentuk dengan menambahkan "ed" di belakang kata dasarnya. 

For Example: 

• Arrive - arrived = tiba/datang

• Close - closed = tutup

• Open - opened = buka

• Play - played = bermain

• Work - worked = bekerja

b. Kata kerja tidak beraturan (Irregular verbs) tidak mempunyai bentuk yang tetap dalam perubahannya. 

For Example: 

Verb forms 1

• to break

• to hurt

• to go

• to get

• to het 

• to hit

• to see

• to buy

• to come

• to read

• to eat

Verb forms 2

• broke

• hurt

• went 

• got 

• hit 

• saw 

• bought 

• came 

• read 

• ate 

Verb forms 3

• broken 

• hurt 

• gone 

• gotten 

• hit 

• seen 

• bought 

• come 

• read 

• eaten

Circumstances of Time

• Yesterday

• Tonight

• Last (week, mont, year) ... ago

• This morning in 2020 (year)

• Two days ago

Talking About Past Tense 

1. How was your last vacation?

It was terrific/very interesting/wonderful.

Terrible/boring/bad.

2. Were you away last week?

Yes, I was/No, I wasn't.

3. How long were you away?

I was away for three weeks.

Grammar Point 

1. Were you away last week? Yes, I was.

2. Was your brother away? No, he wasn't.

3. Were you and your sister away? Yes, we were.

4. Were your parents away? Yes, they were.

5. How long were you away? Two weeks.

6. How vas your vacation? Terrific.

Study The Explanation

Expressions Of Asking And Giving Directions.

Here are the order expression for asking directions.

• Where is the zoo?

• Do you know how to get the bus station?

• Could you please tell me where the bank is?

Here are some expressions for giving directions.

• Go straight, before you get to the first traffic light, turn left. 

• Turn right then as soon as you pass the bank, turn right. 

• Cross the bridge and go straight.

Expression Of Thank You, Sorry, and Politeness

Elsanira       Comment   

 Expression Of Thank You, Sorry, and Politeness

1. Expression of Thank You

Study these expressions:

• Thanks / Thank you (Terima kasih)

• Thank you so much! / Thank you very much! / Many thank / Thank a lot (Terima kasih banyak)

• No, thank (Terima kasih) digunakan untuk menolak pemberian

• Thank for kindness (Terima kasih atas kebaikan Anda)

• Thank for you help (Terima kasih atas bantuanmu)

• I am much oblige (Saya sangat berterima kasih)

And here are the responds:

• You are welcome (Sama-sama)

• Don't mention it (Jangan sebut itu / Sama-sama)

• Not at all (Sama-sama / Kembali)

• Forget it (Lupakanlah)

• That's all right (Sama-sama)

2. Expression of Sorry

Study these expressions:

• I'm sorry (Maaf)

• Forgive me (Maafkan)

• I apologize (Saya minta maaf)

• Sorry for my mistake (Maaf atas kesalahan saya)

And here are the responds:

• Never mind (Tidak apa-apa)

• Oh, that's all right (Oh, tidak apa-apa)

• No problem (Tidak apa-apa)

• That's ok (Tidak apa-apa)

3. Expression of Politiness

In our daily life, we need to talk politely to others people. To show politiness, we need to use "can/could you" and "please". Look at the examples: 

• Give this letter to the headmaster, please (Harap kasihkan surat ini pada kepala sekolah)

• Could you participate in speech contest, please? (Sudikah kamu ikut dalam lomba pidato?)

• Excuse me. Can you tell me what your father is? (Maaf, dapatkah kamu mengatakan apa pekerjaan bapakmu?)

• Could you show us how to operate this computer, please? (Bisakah kamu menunjukkan kami cara mengoperasikan komputer ini?)

And here are the responds:

• Ok (Oke)

• Sure (Pasti)

• Certainly (Tentu saja)

• Of course (Tentu saja)

• With pleasure (Dengan senang hati)

• Sorry, I'm in hurry (Maaf, saya sedang terburu-buru)

Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense

Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense

Elsanira       Comment   

 The Present Perfect Tense

Pattern : S + have/has + Vs + Ket

NOTE

Have = I, you, we, they

Has = He, she, it

For Example: 

(+) I have slept for 3 hours

(-) I haven't slept for 3 hours

(?) Have you slept for 3 hours? Yes, I have/No, I haven't

Simple Present Tense

We use it to talk about: 

1. Habitual action, example:

• I go to school everyday (Aku pergi sekolah setiap hari)

• I play tennis on Sundays (Aku bermain tenis setiap hari Minggu)

• He always reads novel (Dia laki-laki selalu membaca novel)

2. General truth, example:

• The earth is round (Bumi itu bulat)

• A grade has twelve months (Satu tahun ada dua belas bulan)

• A week has seven days (Satu minggu ada tujuh hari)

Study this pattern (Pola):

a. Positive sentence (+)

S + V1 + s/es + O + adv

S + to be + O

b. Negative sentence (-)

S + aux + not + V1 + O + adv of time

S + to be + not + O

c. Interrogative sentence (?)

Aux + S + V1 + O + adv of time?

Answer: 

Yes, S + Aux

No, S + Aux + not

To be + S + O

Answer: 

Yes, S + to be

No, S + to be + not

NOTE:

• Subject (S) I, you, we, they, she, he, it, and (people name)

• Verb 1 (V1) Read, write, walk, watch, eat, drink, etc

• Object (O) Novel, book, TV, milk, etc

• To be : am, are

• Aux/Auxiliary (Kata kerja bantu): do and does

• Adverb of time (Kata keterangan waktu): always, everyday, often, sometimes, etc

It may be placed after Subject (S):

Subject: To be Auxiliary

I am do

She, he, it is does

You, they, we are do

Study these examples:

1. Rina pergi ke sekolah setiap hari

(+) Rina (S) goes (V1 + es) to school (O) everyday (Adv of time)

Rina tidak pergi ke sekolah setiap hari

(-) Rina (S) does not (Aux + not) go (V1) to school (O) everyday? (Adv of time)

Apakah Rina pergi ke sekolah setiap hari?

(?) Does (Aux) Rina (S) go (V1) to school (O) everyday? (Adv of time)

2. Mereka adalah pelajar

(+) They (S) are (to be) students (O)

Mereka bukan pelajar

(-) They (S) are not (to be + not) students (O)

Apakah mereka pelajar?

(?) Are (to be) they (S) students? (O)

Atau lebih singkatnya:

Bentuk kebiasaan (Daily activity)

(+) S + V1 + Ket 

(-) S + Don't/doesn't + V1 + Ket

(?) Do/deos + S + V1 + Ket

For Example: 

(+) Kemal goes to school everyday

(-) Kemal doesn't go to school everyday

(?) Does Kemal go to school everyday? Yes, He does/No, He doesn't

NOTE

Ket. Waktu : 

• Today

• Everyday

• Every week

• Every month

• Every year

Question Tag

Elsanira       Comment   

 Question Tag

It's a short question. It's the form of confirmation or agreement of the statement. 

Question tag berbentuk pertanyaan pendek yang digunakan untuk memperjelas atau konfirmasi dari pernyataan. 

Example: 

• He is very clever (Positive statement), isn't he? (Negative tag)

Dia sangat rajin, bukan?

• She doesn't sleep (Negative statement), does she? (Positive statement)

Dia tidak tidur, bukan?

From the examples above, we know that if the statement is positive, the tag should be negative. If the statement is negative, the tag should be positive. Don't forget to put comma (,) after the statement and (?) after tag. In making question tag, we also should know the tenses. Both statement and tag should have same tenses and if the subject is people name, in the tag should be changed into subject pronoun (I, you, she, he, they, we, it).

For Example: 

• Tono walks slowly (Present tense), doesn't he? (Present tense)

Tono berjalan dengan lambat, bukan?

• Anita studied hard tonight (Past tense), didn't she? (Past tense)

Anita belajar dengan keras semalam, bukan?

Tanda tanya

Ini pertanyaan singkat. Merupakan bentuk penegasan atau persetujuan atas pernyataan tersebut.

Tanda tanya berbentuk pertanyaan pendek yang digunakan untuk memperjelas atau mengkonfirmasi pernyataan.

Contoh:

• Dia sangat pintar (pernyataan positif), bukan? (tanda negatif)

Dia sangat rajin, bukan?

• Dia tidak tidur (Pernyataan negatif), bukan? (pernyataan positif)

Dia tidak tidur, bukan?

Dari contoh di atas, kita tahu bahwa jika pernyataannya positif, tagnya harus negatif. Jika pernyataannya negatif, tagnya harus positif. Jangan lupa untuk meletakkan titik (,) setelah pernyataan dan (?) setelah tag. Dalam membuat question tag, kita juga harus mengetahui tensesnya. Pernyataan dan tag harus memiliki tenses yang sama dan jika subjeknya adalah nama orang, dalam tag harus diubah menjadi kata ganti subjek (I, you, she, he, they, we, it).

Misalnya:

• Tono berjalan perlahan (Present tense), bukan? (Kala Kini)

Tono berjalan dengan lampu, bukan?

• Anita belajar keras malam ini (Past tense), bukan? (waktu lampau)

Anita belajar dengan keras semalam, bukan?